First Essay Writing Competition By Gnlu

First Essay Writing Competition By Gnlu You can have your friends and family members read to see if it is engaging enough. If you are not restricted on what to write about, choose your topic wisely. This is because you will have wider scope for research and statistics to back your research. You will have so much to write about, which will make your essay interesting to read. Your readers will stay engaged throughout your essay. Ensure you have relevant information and stay focused around the topic. Generally, narrative writing is less common in the academic world because the narrative style exists to tell stories. Whether it’s a true story or not is irrelevant; fiction, creative nonfiction, and poetry are all types of narrative writing. The reader has learned something, precisely because the author has. In sum, the student essay falls into the same genre as the essays we ourselves write. Two tips here but basically you need to manage your time in writing the essay and manage your whole exam time. So firstly, you have to leave yourself enough of the exam time to do your essay. If the exam is something like English Paper 1, you know that a third of the exam is an essay so you should be starting that essay with at least 40mins to go. ” Goes without saying â€" the service is entirely anonymous. The thesis sets up what the reader can expect to learn from your essay. In just one sentence, it explains how you plan to answer the prompt. Your go-to resource for practical, step-by-step guides on writing beautiful college essays and putting together an awesome college application. What happens if you have a completely open topic? On the one hand you’re lucky to have some creative freedom. But on the other â€" you’re faced with unlimited choice. Although all of those arguments have merit, our own thinking on the subject is both more old-fashioned and more radical. We think the essay form is still the best way for students to think hard on the page -- but we are not fans of formulae. Instead, we’re in favor of inquiry-based learning, evidence-rich analysis and process work. If your essay is too long, you may run the risk of losing track of the question that you should be answering. A few well-written and organized paragraphs that answer the question and showcase your command of language may score better than pages and pages of writing. A thesis is the main idea or argument that guides an essay. Neither tutors nor educational authorities in your country get any information about our customers. Using HTTPS and TLS technologies, we ensure all personal data and payment info are encrypted and transferred through secure channels. Simply put, your experience with the site is safe and secure all the way through. In any case, the essay ends somewhere different from where it began. With a few handy hints, you can get on the right track to writing a masterpiece. The overall best tip for writing essays in exams is to remind yourself what your markers are looking for. And no, that doesn't mean you just try to tell your mysterious, probably middle-aged NESA marker what you think they want to hear. When in doubt, stick to writing about something you’re passionate about, as you’ll find it easier to stay motivated. If you’re bored to tears writing your essay, anyone reading it will be too. Whether you like it or not, essay writing is part and parcel of completing a degree. Even those who usually excel at written work can find themselves feeling the fear when faced with the prospect of putting together a lengthy essay or dissertation.

Basic Guidelines For Essay Writing

Basic Guidelines For Essay Writing However, don’t just ramble on and on, repeating the same arguments in different ways to fill-up space. The length of sections should be proportionate to the size of your essay. So a 1 page introduction to a 5 page essay is too much. The most important thing to remember after selecting your preferred citation style is that in-text citation must match the work cited list. Citation style also has to be consistent throughout the paper (i.e. you cannot go from APA to MLA). If you use sourcing engines to make your references, always double check their accuracy. Plagiarism is the most serious academic offence. If you are found guilty of plagiarism you can fail the assignment or the class, or be suspended or expelled from university. Thank you for your patience as we continue to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Visit ourCOVID-19 Resourcespage for updates and digital learning resources to assist students, teachers, schools and workers impacted by COVID-19. There is no limit on what can be talked about in an essay. However, the one thing that would define it is its revolution around a particular theme. All of papers you get at Royalessays.co.uk are meant for research purposes only. The past perfect tense is to form the past perfect tense by using the auxiliary verb had with the past participle. Use the past perfect tense in your essay to show an action in the past that came before another action in the past. We don’t ask customers for their private information. Be on equal terms with the best students in the class. The first thing is make a list of all the keywords and ideas that have to be discussed. This will enable them to execute a logical flow of thoughts when writing. It will also ensure that none of the important points are left out. The future perfect tense is to form the future perfect tense by using the auxiliary verbs will have or shall have with the past participle. Use the future perfect tense to show an action in the future that will occur before another future action or time. One major objective of an essay is to present all relevant points before making any thoughts on the result of the discussion/argument. And what does an excellent conclusion look like? The framework of any essay work is not as formalized as that of a report. Like reviews, however, you must still offer a disagreement or controversial point of view that is clearly sustained. A particular essay can talk about one’s childhood and another one can be to argue a certain point. The quality of writing is what matters the most. Through a thorough screening process, we’ve established an extensive network of researchers to ensure we work with the best experts in every field. We continuously invest in training and monitoring our candidates, so you know you work with the best. When the assignment says between 6-8 pages, it is better to do 8 than 6. When you have such limited number of pages, you need space to develop your argument. The reader should be able to relate at what is being discussed at a personal level. These stories also contribute to the whole essay becoming an immersive experience to the reader. Secondly, as you set out to write, organize the whole work into sections. That means that there should be an introduction, body and ending. All these parts should be highly impressionable on the reader.

How To Write Essays

How To Write Essays This recommendation is from LaptopUnboxed.com which is a website that specializes in reviewing laptops and electronics. Before you begin your writing, create your essay outline. It’s best to use one that’s particularly comfortable due to the hours it will take to craft. To find one that’s suitable, you can check out the best laptop for writers which is based on the ergonomic design of the device to make it easy for essay writers. A cousin of the narrative essay, a descriptive essay paints a picture with words. A writer might describe a person, place, object, or even memory of special significance. You’ve come here because you are likely under a lot of stress about your essay. That’s why we want to make sure all you have to do is place your order and then be certain that your assigned essay writer will send the essay to you before your deadline. Nothing is worse than ordering something that you need by a certain time, only to learn that the essay has not been delivered. It is especially important to hand in work on time in college, which is why each essay writer makes sure to focus on timeliness as a top priority. Our paper writers are trained in writing in any formatting style you need, whether it is APA, MLS, Chicago, Turabian, Vancouver, or any other. We will take your essay and make it flow like Hemingway. Our writers are highly skilled at catching even the slightest error. The tutors reading and marking your essays deserve your consideration. They will be reading and marking many, many student essays. If you make your argument hard to follow, so that they need to re-read a paragraph to try to make sense of what you have written, you will cause irritation, and make their job slower. Realistically, it is possible that they may even decide not to make that effort. It is your task to present your argument in a way that your audience can follow; it is not your audience’s job to launch an investigation to detect the points you are trying to make. Underpinning the structure will be the ‘argument’ your essay is making. Again this may be strong and obvious, or it may be almost invisible, but it needs to be there. In different subject areas, and with different styles of writing, the term ‘argument’ may seem more or less relevant. Jot your topic in the middle of your page, draw lines branching from the topic and write main ideas at the end of each line. From the main ideas at the end of the lines draw more lines and include your thoughts. However, even in those essays that appear to be highly creative, unscientific, or personal, an argument of some kind is being made. An introduction to academic writing for English Language Learners, focusing on essay development, grammatical correctness, and self-editing. While like an expository essay in its presentation of facts, the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or recommendation. The writer must build a case using facts and logic, as well as examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning. The writer should present all sides of the argument, but must be able to communicate clearly and without equivocation why a certain position is correct. The best descriptive essays appeal to the reader’s emotions, with a result that is highly evocative. At this stage, you’ll need a laptop to start writing the essay. However, this type of essay is not description for description’s sake. The descriptive essay strives to communicate a deeper meaning through the description. In a descriptive essay, the writer should show, not tell, through the use of colorful words and sensory details.

8 Tips For Writing An Excellent Essay

8 Tips For Writing An Excellent Essay This is another sort of an analytical essay where the writer needs to first identify the problems that might come up in an event or a situation and suggest solutions to it. For instance â€" “Replacing the laborers with Robots in an industry â€" Identify the challenges and suggest solutions to make the implementation easy”. Recently, essays have become popular in various competitive exams including banking and other exams to judge the applicant’s thought process. An essay involves brainstorming on a given topic. Hence, it is an indicator of how a person thinks and also about the vocabulary that the person holds. It also covered the necessary tips to make the essay more effective. In addition to that, the article acts as a guideline for improving your essay writing skills. If you are provided an essay with a specified word limit, make sure to follow it. Usually, in competitive exams, the essay topics come with a word limit restriction. Often your argument will change over the course of the essay, and you’ll need to alter your intro accordingly. This is like doing your introduction all over again, but with slightly nicer words. Once you’ve clarified all the terms, you can start to put together your arguments and write the essay. In case of a 2-point essay topic, usually, each paragraph ends with a closing statement for the discussed topic in the corresponding paragraph. However, in an essay of Effects and causes type might need a linking statement to allow the second paragraph to flow. Critical essays are among the most common types of writing assignments in college. Also known as analytical, a critical essay is about evaluating somebody’s work (a movie, a book, an article, etc.) and proving that your evaluation is correct. A critical essay is a type of academic writing where the author analyzes and evaluates a text. For an essay to become critical, you need to claim a text’s particular ideas and then support that claim with evidence. To conclude, one can say that essay writing is a skill that is mastered gradually. Hence, one should not expect the reader to be skilled at understanding jumbled words and complex sentences. A long sentence might act against the writer if it has too much of information. It might result in the reader losing interest or concentration in the essay. The opening sentence is followed by either a supporting sentence or an additional challenge. One needs to understand the motive of an essay carefully in order to lay a good impression on the reader with the essay. Essay writing skills are an important asset that helps in conveying one’s thoughts and opinions in a terse manner to the readers. Thus, one needs to keep improving our skills by reading, analyzing and communicating consistently. This article covers sufficient details about an essay. The article has provided you with the necessary understanding of how to structure an essay. Ideally, 10-15% more words than the specified minimum length are acceptable and act in your favor. Hence, try to maintain this word limit standard in your writing. The next statement ideally would state a few examples to prove the presented opinion or point of view. It is important to have a closing statement or a linking statement before moving on to the next paragraph. You won’t remember any of it, it will drain all of your energy, and you only get one reference and viewpoint out of it. Read the intro and conclusion so that you get the gist of their argument. Pick a chapter from the contents page which looks like it’s relevant to your essay. As above, find relevant references and follow them up. It also helps in identifying the person’s ability to express thoughts in a crisp and clear manner. The conclusion is the last paragraph of the assignment. This is the place where you end the essay by wrapping up the ideas of the essay and finishing with a final point. Just like with introductions, even short assignments and discussion posts benefit from having a conclusion at the end. They’ll mess up your sleep pattern, you’ll ruin your entire next day, and you’ll likely produce work that a 5-year old would be quick to disown.

I Need Some One To Write Essay Got 2 Files

I Need Some One To Write Essay Got 2 Files The remedy is to analyse the question again and write another, simple, plan based on how to organise the material you are not happy with in the draft of your essay. Rewrite the essay according to that revised plan and resist the tendency to panic in the middle, tear it up and start all over again. It is important to get to the end and then revise again. Otherwise you will have a perfect opening couple of paragraphs and potentially the rest of the essay in disarray. Such a style is fine for personal letters or notes, but not in an essay. Our editors review the paper and fix any logical or stylistic flaws. They also check the references and make sure that your paper only includes relevant information. After this, our experts proofread your papers and fix any grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes. We also check all the papers for plagiarism so that you can get unique and affordable papers you won’t be afraid to put your name on. Originality is one of our customers’ main requirements so we never use unreliable plagiarism checkers that store the submitted content. Make sure you have researched all the content, information accuracy checked. Try writing an essay in a way that the user finds it interesting and develops enthusiasm in it and finishes it completely. Write the first paragraph interesting as it draws the user’s attention and they keep them going. It is necessary to recheck it again after finishing the essay because making grammar mistakes is not acceptable in any essay writings. A college essay is a formal writing assignment that can take many forms. Persuasive, descriptive, analytical, expository, and personal are examples of types of college essays. If you're writing an argumentative essay, get familiar with the major arguments against your point of view. You'll need to incorporate those counterarguments into your essay and present convincing evidence against them. When you write the outline, think about how you would like to organize your essay. Our writing experts always create academic papers from scratch. Many students write informative papers and generate interesting ideas but make grammar mistakes or forget to put a comma where it’s necessary. Such mistakes can undermine the success of the whole work. So, use correct punctuation and spellings and make your reader connected with an essay. The following are different types of essay topics in English for students who are categorized in many sections so that you can easily choose the topic as per your need and requirement. At the same time, higher education has been transformed into an industry, another sphere of economic activity where goods and services are bought and sold. For example, you might start with your strongest arguments and then move to the weakest ones. Or, you could begin with a general overview of the source you're analyzing and then move on to addressing the major themes, tone, and style of the work. Create a thesis statement that summarizes your main argument. Once you've hit on a specific question or idea you'd like to address in your essay, look at your research and think about the major point or argument you'd like to make. Thanks to our team of proofreaders and editors, you can be sure that your papers will be perfect. We check all our papers before delivering them to you. We don’t want you to be disappointed so every paper must pass our quality control. First, your writer will review the paper and make sure that all the information is properly cited. By this logic, a student who pays a fair market price for it has earned whatever grade it brings. The shrewd shopper, it seems, invests the least time and effort necessary to get the goods. Originality is as important as quality research and the right citation format. Every student knows that plagiarism can lead to terrible consequences so we make sure that you won’t have such a problem when ordering your assignments here. When your professor checks your paper, you won’t have any problems with the originality of the content. It is best not to become involved in an unproductive multiplicity of drafts. You can be personal, but a certain degree of formality and objectivity is expected in an academic essay. The balance between other researchers’ and writers’ analysis of the subject and your own comment will vary with the subject and the nature of the question. Generally, it is important to back up the points you wish to make from your experience with the findings of other published researchers and writers. Some students' essays amount to catalogues of factual material or summaries of other people's thoughts, attitudes, philosophies or viewpoints.

I Need Some One To Write Essay Got 2 Files

I Need Some One To Write Essay Got 2 Files The remedy is to analyse the question again and write another, simple, plan based on how to organise the material you are not happy with in the draft of your essay. Rewrite the essay according to that revised plan and resist the tendency to panic in the middle, tear it up and start all over again. It is important to get to the end and then revise again. Otherwise you will have a perfect opening couple of paragraphs and potentially the rest of the essay in disarray. Such a style is fine for personal letters or notes, but not in an essay. Our editors review the paper and fix any logical or stylistic flaws. They also check the references and make sure that your paper only includes relevant information. After this, our experts proofread your papers and fix any grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes. We also check all the papers for plagiarism so that you can get unique and affordable papers you won’t be afraid to put your name on. Originality is one of our customers’ main requirements so we never use unreliable plagiarism checkers that store the submitted content. Make sure you have researched all the content, information accuracy checked. Try writing an essay in a way that the user finds it interesting and develops enthusiasm in it and finishes it completely. Write the first paragraph interesting as it draws the user’s attention and they keep them going. It is necessary to recheck it again after finishing the essay because making grammar mistakes is not acceptable in any essay writings. A college essay is a formal writing assignment that can take many forms. Persuasive, descriptive, analytical, expository, and personal are examples of types of college essays. If you're writing an argumentative essay, get familiar with the major arguments against your point of view. You'll need to incorporate those counterarguments into your essay and present convincing evidence against them. When you write the outline, think about how you would like to organize your essay. Our writing experts always create academic papers from scratch. Many students write informative papers and generate interesting ideas but make grammar mistakes or forget to put a comma where it’s necessary. Such mistakes can undermine the success of the whole work. So, use correct punctuation and spellings and make your reader connected with an essay. The following are different types of essay topics in English for students who are categorized in many sections so that you can easily choose the topic as per your need and requirement. At the same time, higher education has been transformed into an industry, another sphere of economic activity where goods and services are bought and sold. For example, you might start with your strongest arguments and then move to the weakest ones. Or, you could begin with a general overview of the source you're analyzing and then move on to addressing the major themes, tone, and style of the work. Create a thesis statement that summarizes your main argument. Once you've hit on a specific question or idea you'd like to address in your essay, look at your research and think about the major point or argument you'd like to make. Thanks to our team of proofreaders and editors, you can be sure that your papers will be perfect. We check all our papers before delivering them to you. We don’t want you to be disappointed so every paper must pass our quality control. First, your writer will review the paper and make sure that all the information is properly cited. By this logic, a student who pays a fair market price for it has earned whatever grade it brings. The shrewd shopper, it seems, invests the least time and effort necessary to get the goods. Originality is as important as quality research and the right citation format. Every student knows that plagiarism can lead to terrible consequences so we make sure that you won’t have such a problem when ordering your assignments here. When your professor checks your paper, you won’t have any problems with the originality of the content. It is best not to become involved in an unproductive multiplicity of drafts. You can be personal, but a certain degree of formality and objectivity is expected in an academic essay. The balance between other researchers’ and writers’ analysis of the subject and your own comment will vary with the subject and the nature of the question. Generally, it is important to back up the points you wish to make from your experience with the findings of other published researchers and writers. Some students' essays amount to catalogues of factual material or summaries of other people's thoughts, attitudes, philosophies or viewpoints.

I Need Some One To Write Essay Got 2 Files

I Need Some One To Write Essay Got 2 Files The remedy is to analyse the question again and write another, simple, plan based on how to organise the material you are not happy with in the draft of your essay. Rewrite the essay according to that revised plan and resist the tendency to panic in the middle, tear it up and start all over again. It is important to get to the end and then revise again. Otherwise you will have a perfect opening couple of paragraphs and potentially the rest of the essay in disarray. Such a style is fine for personal letters or notes, but not in an essay. Our editors review the paper and fix any logical or stylistic flaws. They also check the references and make sure that your paper only includes relevant information. After this, our experts proofread your papers and fix any grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes. We also check all the papers for plagiarism so that you can get unique and affordable papers you won’t be afraid to put your name on. Originality is one of our customers’ main requirements so we never use unreliable plagiarism checkers that store the submitted content. Make sure you have researched all the content, information accuracy checked. Try writing an essay in a way that the user finds it interesting and develops enthusiasm in it and finishes it completely. Write the first paragraph interesting as it draws the user’s attention and they keep them going. It is necessary to recheck it again after finishing the essay because making grammar mistakes is not acceptable in any essay writings. A college essay is a formal writing assignment that can take many forms. Persuasive, descriptive, analytical, expository, and personal are examples of types of college essays. If you're writing an argumentative essay, get familiar with the major arguments against your point of view. You'll need to incorporate those counterarguments into your essay and present convincing evidence against them. When you write the outline, think about how you would like to organize your essay. Our writing experts always create academic papers from scratch. Many students write informative papers and generate interesting ideas but make grammar mistakes or forget to put a comma where it’s necessary. Such mistakes can undermine the success of the whole work. So, use correct punctuation and spellings and make your reader connected with an essay. The following are different types of essay topics in English for students who are categorized in many sections so that you can easily choose the topic as per your need and requirement. At the same time, higher education has been transformed into an industry, another sphere of economic activity where goods and services are bought and sold. For example, you might start with your strongest arguments and then move to the weakest ones. Or, you could begin with a general overview of the source you're analyzing and then move on to addressing the major themes, tone, and style of the work. Create a thesis statement that summarizes your main argument. Once you've hit on a specific question or idea you'd like to address in your essay, look at your research and think about the major point or argument you'd like to make. Thanks to our team of proofreaders and editors, you can be sure that your papers will be perfect. We check all our papers before delivering them to you. We don’t want you to be disappointed so every paper must pass our quality control. First, your writer will review the paper and make sure that all the information is properly cited. By this logic, a student who pays a fair market price for it has earned whatever grade it brings. The shrewd shopper, it seems, invests the least time and effort necessary to get the goods. Originality is as important as quality research and the right citation format. Every student knows that plagiarism can lead to terrible consequences so we make sure that you won’t have such a problem when ordering your assignments here. When your professor checks your paper, you won’t have any problems with the originality of the content. It is best not to become involved in an unproductive multiplicity of drafts. You can be personal, but a certain degree of formality and objectivity is expected in an academic essay. The balance between other researchers’ and writers’ analysis of the subject and your own comment will vary with the subject and the nature of the question. Generally, it is important to back up the points you wish to make from your experience with the findings of other published researchers and writers. Some students' essays amount to catalogues of factual material or summaries of other people's thoughts, attitudes, philosophies or viewpoints.

How To Write An Essay

How To Write An Essay It is well known that many actors, athletes, politicians, and businesspeople have contracted with uncredited ghostwriters to produce their memoirs for them. Your tutor will have encountered such problems many times, and it is part of his/her job to help you sort them out. We also provide PhD dissertation in our service, we coordinate with our clients to meet their wants and needs to present deep scientific research for dissertations. Due to our priorities and rules, we are a top-quality service nowadays. The idea of paying someone else to do your work for you has become increasingly commonplace in our broader culture, even in the realm of writing. You should construct your essay as a sequence of distinct points set out in a rational order. It is helpful to keep the reader informed as to the development of the argument. You can do this by using simple statements or questions that serve to introduce, summarise or link the different aspects of your subject. One common downfall is to not reference adequately and be accused of plagiarism. If you have directly quoted any other author's text you should always indicate exactly where the evidence comes from in a reference. Make sure to check the specific conventions of your essay genre with your professor. It may be helpful to read each sentence out loud to yourself. After editing your essay, go over it again closely to spot any minor errors, such as typos or formatting problems. There may be issues that you missed during your initial round of editing, and there could also be new typos or formatting issues if you made changes to the original draft. You may find it easier to spot these errors on a printout rather than on an electronic version of your essay. You might also end up reordering some of the content of the essay if you think that helps it flow better. You might have to cut material from your essay in some places and add new material in others. Once you've read over your essay, go through and edit it. When you're done, go back over the essay again to make sure it flows well and that there aren't any problems you missed. This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD. Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. Different essay genres can have different formats. If, despite study and good intentions, you cannot seem to get your essay written, or even started, you should let your tutor know as soon as possible. The primary reason is usually that such students set themselves too high a standard and then panic because they cannot attain it. This may also be due to factors such as the fear of the expectations of others or placing too high an expectation on themselves. In short, you are your first reader, edit and criticise your own work to make it better. Sometimes it is useful to read your essay out loud. If you've cited any sources in the essay, you'll need to include a list of works cited at the end. One easy way to come up with a thesis statement is to briefly answer the main question you would like to address. Try organizing your notes into different categories so you can identify specific ideas you'd like to focus on. The work, which requires full attention and a clear mind. Interconnected ideas that would reinforce the theme and opens up a new vision of the problem. However, do not repeat the mistakes of some customers abstain from submitting these samples as your own papers. Plagiarism is a serious violation and can have severe consequences. Putting your educational career under risk is definitely not a smart choice. If you have read other documents in order to contrast your argument then these should also be referenced. The function of the introduction is simply to introduce the subject, to explain how you understand the question, and describe briefly how you intend to deal with it. We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time. I searched a lot of websites for help, but this site helped me than any other site. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 7,279,187 times.

Write My Essay For Me

Write My Essay For Me Once you have finalised a plan for your essay, commence your draft. Once most of your research is complete and you have a strong contention, start jotting down a possible essay structure. This need not be complicated, a few lines or dot points is ample. At some point in your research, you should begin thinking about a contention for your essay. You should avoid introducing new information or evidence in the conclusion. One effective way to do this is with a brief summary of ‘what happened next’. For example, an essay discussing Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 might close with a couple of sentences about how he consolidated and strengthened his power in . Start by providing a little context, then address the question, articulate your contention and indicate what direction your essay will take. For optimal results, check one sentence at a time, and aim for a paraphrase score below 50%. See the paraphrase checker page for more information and a sample text to try. We offer a grammar checking API service with a free one month trial for developers. With the Virtual Writing Tutor's API, you can add spelling and grammar checking capabilities to any website. This will be of special interest to developers of websites with proofreading services or English language learning websites and mobile apps. Every essay should be proofread, edited and, if necessary, re-drafted before being submitted for assessment. Essays should ideally be completed a few days before their due date, then put aside for a day or two before proofreading. Referencing not only acknowledges the work of others, but it also gives authority to your writing and provides the teacher or assessor with an insight into your research. More information on referencing a piece of history writing can be found here. Your conclusion need not be as long or as developed as your body paragraphs. For details on the grammar checking API, see our Grammar Check API documentation page. A trained IELTS examiner might score your essay a little higher or lower, but I am confident that the Virtual Writing Tutor’s IELTS practice tests will help you improve. The system provides valuable tips and corrections on a range of essay features to help you improve your essay so you can get better and better. After many years of research, I have developed a special method of quality detection that I call Latent Essay Feature Analysis . Remember, you should be able to express it briefly as if addressing the essay question in a single sentence, or summing up in a debate. Your research should take shape from here, guided by the essay question and your own planning. It will underline words and phrases that are common to both texts. In addition, it will calculate the similarity of the two texts with a score. Identify terms or concepts you do not know and find out what they mean. As you locate information, ask yourself if it is relevant or useful for addressing the question. Be creative with your research, looking in a variety of places. I use it to discover what makes a great essay great. Then, I use Model Essay Proximity Scoring to determine how closely your essay resembles the ideal essay response for each test prompt. You may also find our page on writing for history to be useful. In history writing, the active voice is preferable to the passive voice. In the active voice, the subject completes the action (e.g. “Hitler initiated the Beer Hall putsch to seize control of the Bavarian government”). In the passive voice, the action is completed by the subject (“The Beer Hall putsch was initiated by Hitler to seize control of the Bavarian government”). The active voice also helps prevent sentences from becoming long, wordy and unclear. Most will start by reading an overview of the topic or issue, usually in some reliable secondary sources. This will refresh or build your existing understanding of the topic and provide a basis for further questions or investigation. Start constructing a plan as soon as you have received your essay question and given it some thought. An essay question will set some kind of task or challenge.

Ielts Writing Task 2

Ielts Writing Task 2 One effective way to do this is with a brief summary of ‘what happened next’. For example, an essay discussing Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 might close with a couple of sentences about how he consolidated and strengthened his power in . A paragraph should focus on one topic or issue only â€" but it should contain a thorough exploration of that topic or issue. Many consider the introduction to be the most important part of an essay. At the bottom of the page, there are a series of frequently asked questions. In history writing, the active voice is preferable to the passive voice. In the active voice, the subject completes the action (e.g. “Hitler initiated the Beer Hall putsch to seize control of the Bavarian government”). In the passive voice, the action is completed by the subject (“The Beer Hall putsch was initiated by Hitler to seize control of the Bavarian government”). The active voice also helps prevent sentences from becoming long, wordy and unclear. For optimal results, check one sentence at a time, and aim for a paraphrase score below 50%. See the paraphrase checker page for more information and a sample text to try. English Second Language teachers often ask their students to use certain target structures in their writing. It also trains learners and novice teachers to become better proofreaders with an error correction game on the Error Correction Games page. This website is 100% free to use, and membership is free. A grammar checker that can help spot agreement and spelling errors can be a great help. For an alternative essay outlining tool, try this Essay Map. For help with a thesis statement, try this thesis builder. The Virtual Writing Tutor can help you improve your paraphrasing skills quickly. Draft your paraphrase, click on the Paraphrase Checker button, and copy-paste the source text into the text box. It is also where you lay out or ‘signpost’ the direction your essay will take. At some point in your research, you should begin thinking about a contention for your essay. Remember, you should be able to express it briefly as if addressing the essay question in a single sentence, or summing up in a debate. An essay using this contention would then go on to explain and justify these statements in greater detail. It will also support the contention with argument and evidence. Click Check, and the paraphrase checker will compare your text to the original text. It will underline words and phrases that are common to both texts. In addition, it will calculate the similarity of the two texts with a score. As instructors, we also have to give up some control over our assignments. For a truly student-centered process to work, we can’t ask leading questions or make decisions for our students. Giving students the reading, writing and thinking skills required for a process like this is, to put it mildly, challenging -- for students and instructors alike. We’re asking students to give up certainties and formulae, to dive into the unknown. We’re taking away the safety of falling back on generalizations, personal experience and conventional wisdom. The process work we’re advocating here is multistaged, iterative, messy work. The student may move from the text to questions to freewriting or brainstorming to drafting, then go back to the text and so on, deepening her analysis by asking questions. She may use a range of visually rich, active-learning methods to generate ideas, get her thoughts in order and fill gaps. As she figuring out the story she’s trying to tell, her early drafts will most likely be incomplete, overwritten or hard for the reader to follow. It is the reader’s first experience of your essay. It is where you first address the question and express your contention. And that means she’ll have to revise and rethink and ask more questions. She’ll come to her overall claim, introduction and conclusion from her discoveries -- not the other way around. Based on your thesis, continue doing research, now with a focus on sources that support the thesis statement you have developed. Sites like JSTOR and Google Scholar are great places to find academic sources.

How To Write An Academic Essay

How To Write An Academic Essay In its simplest form, an essay can consist of three paragraphs with one paragraph being devoted to each section. Proponents of the five paragraph essay say that the body text should consist of three paragraphs, but in reality, it’s fine to write more or fewer paragraphs in this section. There is no firm rule that says an essay needs to have a set number of paragraphs, but an essay must be a minimum of three paragraphs. On WiseEssays.com, we can meet any requirements of yours! If you doubt how many words should your 5 paragraph essay be, entrust that issue to us. We are ready to offer you the best academic assistance on the web and guarantee the result you need. We strongly recommend you revise an essay that is shorter than 250 words unless such a length is required by your professor. Ultimately, your essay will be evaluated on the information you present, not on the number of paragraphs in the essay. Early in your academic life, teachers and lecturers may give you both a structure for your essay and a guideline on how long each part of the essay should be. Another, less limiting and more accurate way to work out how many paragraphs you need to cover your topic is to look at the main points you have to cover in the body text. A paragraph contains all the ideas that support or explain a single concept. And, in this guide, we will dwell on the basics of that assignment and discuss a five-paragraph essay and its length, in particular. Because to come up even with such simple writing, one needs to understand how to organize it and what to include in its parts. Use our free and easy online tool for counting characters, words, sentences, paragraphs and pages in real time, along with keyword density and reading level. You probably already have a tone of voice you use for writing essays, but is it interesting and engaging? This is a rule of thumb, which means it won’t always work quite that way, but it’s handy all the same. In academic work, your paragraphs are likely to be a bit longer than most of the ones you see in this blog post. On average, there are usually 100 to 200 words in a paragraph. So if you’d like a guesstimate, you can assume that a 1,000-word essay will have between five and ten paragraphs. What you’re taught is often a general rule to shoot for, not a rule set in concrete. Your teacher felt that 7 paragraphs was a good number for the essays you wrote for her, but it doesn’t always have to be that way. Keep in mind that if you have any questions, it is always better to clarify them with your professor before starting the actual writing. If you need professional support, you can also contact our agents and request an expert who will provide you with a relevant custom assignment. You can find many sample topics on these types of essays on my web pages. You can also find step by step instructions on how to write these essays. To lengthen your assignment, reread the writing and each body paragraph of it. May be, there are some unanswered questions, discussing which will add some words to your text. Sometimes, it is hard to come up with five paragraphs of classical structure within such a short format. The absolute minimum size for a five-paragraph essay is 250 words or one double-spaced page, typed in standard 12 points font. No one would be surprised if we say that an essay is the most common paper for students to prepare. In the first paragraph of an essay, you will generally give examples first and then put the thesis sentence at the end of the paragraph. The thesis sentence is the main idea of the whole essay. Typically, just three or four sentences are enough to set the stage for both long and short essays. You can go into supporting information in the body of your essay, so don't tell the audience everything all at once. The primary purpose of an introductory paragraph is to pique the interest of your reader and identify the topic and purpose of the essay.

How To Write Better Undergraduate Essays

How To Write Better Undergraduate Essays If that’s how you’re thinking about this, don’t. This method of coming up with an essay title isn’t about pinpointing a question that you want answered because it’s never before been asked. The best way to come up with an idea for an essay is to consider what the question is that you would like to see answered. All of the stages in this process â€" picking a question, picking a focus and, finally, picking a title â€" can be daunting when you haven’t done them before. These are the parts of your paragraphs that will get you the higher marks in any marking scheme. Explanation of why the point is important and how it helps with your overall argument. Your thoughts must be stated clearly, so your readers understand exactly what you wanted to say. A time when you were disappointed or discouraged by something someone said. a general field of considerations from which arguments can be drawn. When thinking of an essay idea, you may not have the ‘Eureka! Different fonts and different font sizes will affect the number of pages you write. This is one reason why a teacher may give an assignment length in words instead of pages - page length can be faked by changing the margins and fonts. I wrote an essay of 1550 words and it was barely 4.5 pages . I have a paper with ~2800 words and it is 3 lines past the 4th page. To encourage thoughtful and balanced assessment of readings, many interdisciplinary courses may ask you to submit a reading reflection. Popular in professional programs, like business, nursing, forensics and education, reflection is an important part of making connections between theory and practice. Critical reflection requires thoughtful and persistent inquiry. Although basic questions like “what is the thesis? ” are important to demonstrate your understanding, you need to interrogate your own assumptions and knowledge to deepen your analysis and focus your assessment of the text. That is probably a good thing â€" a more considered, developed, original idea will probably make for a better essay. When you have a question set for you, your teacher is already drawing your attention to what is notable about the topic. They will ask why Hamlet is indecisive, or why Henry VIII decided to break with Rome â€" the things that, with greater study of the context, naturally strike people as strange. When you don’t have a question written for you, you have to figure out what’s notable or what’s strange on your own, and that’s why context is so useful. Instead, it’s about coming up with an essay title that suits your concerns, your interests and your personal reaction to whatever it is that you’re studying. When you are asked to reflect upon experience in a placement, you do not only describe your experience, but you evaluate it based on ideas from class. Abstract concepts can become concrete and real to you when considered within your own experiences, and reflection on your experiences allows you to make plans for improvement. This results in a disorganized, incoherent text which the reader will find difficult to comprehend. Don’t make your essay a free-flowing analysis, including all your unstructured thoughts, insights, and ideas. Don’t try to cram all your experiences into one essay; choose the most important and significant moments. This challenges my understanding of traditional teaching methods where knowledge is the basis for inquiry. For reflective writing, it is important to balance reporting or descriptive writing with critical reflection and analysis. You may wonder how your professors assess your reflective writing. How can my experiences or ideas be right or wrong? In this article, we look at how to come up with essay titles that work for you. Using storytelling in educational settings can enable educators to connect with their students because of inborn tendencies for humans to listen to stories. Academic paragraphs are usually between 200 and 300 words long . The important thing is that they should be long enough to contain all the above material. Only move onto a new paragraph if you are making a new point. My observations from the classroom demonstrate that the hierarchical structure of Bloom’s Taxonomy is problematic, a concept also explored by Paul . The students often combined activities like application and synthesis or analysis and evaluation to build their knowledge and comprehension of unfamiliar concepts.

Writing Your Assignment

Writing Your Assignment If there is a word count for your essay try to devote 10% of this to your introduction. When you are writing an evaluation paragraph use the PEC system. It is more appropriate to use original content to demonstrate your understanding. Each paragraph should have a purpose / theme, and make a number of points - which need to be support by high quality evidence. You are guaranteed top-quality writing, but that’s not all. These include VIP customer service, works cited pages, plagiarism reports, and discounts. Sum up the main ideas in your essay, and make sure not to add any new points here. For a narrative essay, your opinion isn’t that important, as the piece offers guidelines to readers as they draw their conclusions about the topic. All in all, make sure the section is short, about 3 to 5 lines. Finally, ensure the transition between paragraphs is natural, to give the essay the flow that’s required. Finally, with an outline, you will have an easier time transferring ideas from your head to the paper. Because we are so committed to reading, researching, learning, and writing, before, while, and after we work on your academic or professional project, you are the one that benefits. The old trick of dealing with your introduction last is common knowledge, but it seems few have really mastered the art of writing an effective opener. To improve the flow of your essay make sure the last sentence of one paragraph links to first sentence of the next paragraph. This will help the essay flow and make it easier to read. Themes are illustrated and developed through a number of points . Choose relevant points only, ones that most reveal the theme or help to make a convincing and interesting argument. In the main body of the essay every paragraph should demonstrate both knowledge and critical evaluation. Remember, one person’s fascinating statistic is another’s clutter. If it doesn’t support the point you want to make, leave it out. From the experts who provide +50 services for businesses, academics, and authors. Besides that, you will easily see the flow and connection between ideas. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should focus on one separate idea. Be clear why each point is is relevant to the argument. It would be useful at the beginning of each paragraph if you explicitly outlined the theme being discussed (.e.g. cognitive development, social development etc.). You need to be concise, and clearly articulate your argument. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences. It is best to structure your essay according to key themes. For a variety of very good reasons, students cannot always complete their assignments on time or with the level of quality they need to earn the grades they want. Companies like ours give them the help they need. So, we decided to share our unusual passions with others. When you are creating your outline, you can arrange the ideas in these paragraphs in a number of ways, such as chronologically or from least important to most important. It’s important that the paragraphs flow from one to the next to form a cohesive essay. Descriptive essays are used to describe something, such as a location, person, or piece of art. Narrative essays tell a story about something that happened in the author’s life. This means that the paragraphs follow a logical order . Have a global structure with themes arranged in a way that allows for a logical sequence of ideas. You might want to rearrange paragraphs to a different position in your essay if they don't appear to fit in with the essay structure. Ideally the conclusion should summarize the key themes / arguments of your essay. State the take home message â€" don’t sit on the fence, instead weigh up the evidence presented in the essay and make a decision which side of the argument has more support.

Essay Writing Assistance

Essay Writing Assistance That’s where you’ll find the specifics of the argument, the quotations and the facts. While you can have sub-points, the most important thing is that you come up with ONE coherent argument that ties together everything in your essay. In other words, as long as you introduce your topic, argue your case persuasively, and provide some closure, the number of paragraphs is completely irrelevant. I have owned and operated L.T.L. Tutoring Central since 1996, providing private tutoring services to students of all ages and skill levels. Each main point that you make needs to be linked back to the introduction and the thesis statement. You also be required to devise your argument which is commonly referred to as the thesis statement. The introduction is usually one paragraph 15% of total word length (don't get caught up on numbers). The introduction sets up the essay by presenting background information related to the essay question. Good narrative essay topics always combine proximity to your own interests and the ability to fit into the interests of your audience. Your narrative essay topic should be close to your own experience, but it also needs to be relevant to what your potential audience wants to see. The first step in writing an outstanding narrative essay is learning the narrative essay definition. There is no universal definition of narrative essay simply because of how broad and all-encompassing this genre of writing is. The three or more body paragraphs are where your main story will take place. In a typical narrative essay outline, the body paragraphs carry most of the significance and should be written particularly carefully if you want your essay to shine. Some of the best narrative essay topics are rather narrow, since it can be very difficult to cover a broad topic in the limited narrative essay format. A thesaurus is another valuable tool when writing an essay. A thesaurus tells you synonyms, or words that have the same or a similar meaning to the word you look up. Firstly we explore the planning and preparation required to write a standard essay and then outline the basic essay structure. Lastly, there are some fantastic online resources that can help improve your writing. For instance,Hemingway Editorcan review your document to find any confusing or wordy sentences. You can rewrite these to make them easier to understand. A narrative essay doesn’t call for citations and references. The narrative is based on your own life and experience, which means there are unlikely any relevant materials to support your writing. Unlike many other types of essays, the format of a narrative essay encourages the use of the “I” pronoun. That way, you will make the story more personal and relatable for your audience. A good narrative essay example will show you what your essay should look like, what kind of tone it should have, and how to make your narrative essay more interesting to your audience. Here is an example of a narrative essay created by our writing team for you. Because we are so committed to reading, researching, learning, and writing, before, while, and after we work on your academic or professional project, you are the one that benefits. The beginning and end of a paragraph are usually more general in scope. The opening sentence indicates what the paragraph is about. It also connects the paragraph to what came before. Like vases, paragraphs tend to be more narrow in the middle. These include VIP customer service, works cited pages, plagiarism reports, and discounts. For a variety of very good reasons, students cannot always complete their assignments on time or with the level of quality they need to earn the grades they want. Companies like ours give them the help they need. So, we decided to share our unusual passions with others. The general focus on the introduction will then become more focussed on the essay question. You will then need to find some research based on the topic which can include text books, journal articles, conference papers etc.

Essay Writing Assistance

Essay Writing Assistance That’s where you’ll find the specifics of the argument, the quotations and the facts. While you can have sub-points, the most important thing is that you come up with ONE coherent argument that ties together everything in your essay. In other words, as long as you introduce your topic, argue your case persuasively, and provide some closure, the number of paragraphs is completely irrelevant. I have owned and operated L.T.L. Tutoring Central since 1996, providing private tutoring services to students of all ages and skill levels. Each main point that you make needs to be linked back to the introduction and the thesis statement. You also be required to devise your argument which is commonly referred to as the thesis statement. The introduction is usually one paragraph 15% of total word length (don't get caught up on numbers). The introduction sets up the essay by presenting background information related to the essay question. Good narrative essay topics always combine proximity to your own interests and the ability to fit into the interests of your audience. Your narrative essay topic should be close to your own experience, but it also needs to be relevant to what your potential audience wants to see. The first step in writing an outstanding narrative essay is learning the narrative essay definition. There is no universal definition of narrative essay simply because of how broad and all-encompassing this genre of writing is. The three or more body paragraphs are where your main story will take place. In a typical narrative essay outline, the body paragraphs carry most of the significance and should be written particularly carefully if you want your essay to shine. Some of the best narrative essay topics are rather narrow, since it can be very difficult to cover a broad topic in the limited narrative essay format. A thesaurus is another valuable tool when writing an essay. A thesaurus tells you synonyms, or words that have the same or a similar meaning to the word you look up. Firstly we explore the planning and preparation required to write a standard essay and then outline the basic essay structure. Lastly, there are some fantastic online resources that can help improve your writing. For instance,Hemingway Editorcan review your document to find any confusing or wordy sentences. You can rewrite these to make them easier to understand. A narrative essay doesn’t call for citations and references. The narrative is based on your own life and experience, which means there are unlikely any relevant materials to support your writing. Unlike many other types of essays, the format of a narrative essay encourages the use of the “I” pronoun. That way, you will make the story more personal and relatable for your audience. A good narrative essay example will show you what your essay should look like, what kind of tone it should have, and how to make your narrative essay more interesting to your audience. Here is an example of a narrative essay created by our writing team for you. Because we are so committed to reading, researching, learning, and writing, before, while, and after we work on your academic or professional project, you are the one that benefits. The beginning and end of a paragraph are usually more general in scope. The opening sentence indicates what the paragraph is about. It also connects the paragraph to what came before. Like vases, paragraphs tend to be more narrow in the middle. These include VIP customer service, works cited pages, plagiarism reports, and discounts. For a variety of very good reasons, students cannot always complete their assignments on time or with the level of quality they need to earn the grades they want. Companies like ours give them the help they need. So, we decided to share our unusual passions with others. The general focus on the introduction will then become more focussed on the essay question. You will then need to find some research based on the topic which can include text books, journal articles, conference papers etc.

Essay Writing Tips, Introductions And Conclusions

Essay Writing Tips, Introductions And Conclusions Once you have determined the purpose, you will need to do some research on topics that you find intriguing. If your goal is to educate, choose a subject that you have already studied. We guarantee that any personal information that we receive from you will not be disclosed to third parties. Our service is a place where students can find the price they can afford. Check your essay for grammar and spelling mistakes. You may have your topic assigned, or you may be given free reign to write on the subject of your choice. If you are given the topic, you should think about the type of paper that you want to produce. Should it be a general overview of the subject or a specific analysis? If you have not been assigned a topic, you have a little more work to do. However, this opportunity also gives you the advantage to choose a subject that is interesting or relevant to you. If your goal is to persuade, choose a subject that you are passionate about. Whatever the mission of the essay, make sure that you are interested in your topic. To score 75% and above, we offer you an academic paper writer with expertise, credentials, degree, and a strong command of English. Plan your paper from beginning to end before you start writing; most students usually spend too much time either researching, writing or doing editing. Creating a draft or an outline is important as you essentially create a Work Breakdown Structure. Assign free revisions to make a paper even better. Our service allows you to choose the expert who will be performing your order. Once you place an order, our writers will start sending bids. To make the final choice, you need to compare their profiles, ratings, customer reviews, awards, and price. All the information is available on the website and is based on the reviews of real customers. Follow the instructions that will be shown on your screen, and essay writer will revise the document according to your remarks. You have awesome writers that really save people when they are in trouble. Thank you for completing my papers within really short deadlines. Keep a hand on the pulse of the writing process. Many teachers and scholarship forms follow different formats, and you must double check instructions to ensure that your essay is in the desired format. Reread your paper and check to see if it makes sense. Make sure that sentence flow is smooth and add phrases to help connect thoughts or ideas. This outline will act as a check so that you know how much time is allotted to each task. We guarantee the maximum quality level of your paper. If you would like to amend the final draft, activate the 14-day revision period from your Personal area with the site. It may be quite disturbing to decide whether to hire an essay writing company. EssayShark cares about your privacy and confidentiality. Our service asks only for an email for creating your personal account and credit card information to make the payment.

Essay Writing Service That Exceeds Expectations Discover Below

Essay Writing Service That Exceeds Expectations Discover Below Instead, we’re in favor of inquiry-based learning, evidence-rich analysis and process work. Get all your thoughts on paper, and you can extend or shorten the essay during the editing process. The essay covered everything we wanted to without the need for extra words. I encourage them to use the VWT's text-to-speech function to help them with their pronunciation. In this way, they get to practice a more target-like form of English in a meaningful and social way. It is always a good idea to use a worked example with students, demonstrating how to solve problems instead of just solving problems for them. If you fix their grammar for them like a free proofreader, they will come to expect it and will refuse to write anything unless the teacher reads and corrects it. So don't be their go-to grammar correction machine correcting grammar all day and night. You may need to do further research before sitting down to write the first draft. If your essay is too long, you may run the risk of losing track of the question that you should be answering. A few well-written and organized paragraphs that answer the question and showcase your command of language may score better than pages and pages of writing. For such cases, we have a special revisions policy, and that means our writers will work on your assignment until you are fully satisfied. You also can change your writer if you are not happy with the one that was assigned to you. Although all of those arguments have merit, our own thinking on the subject is both more old-fashioned and more radical. We think the essay form is still the best way for students to think hard on the page -- but we are not fans of formulae. They will help you add interest to the essay, but, as mentioned above, you need to know when to stop. Not all essays will require you to wrap up the ending so nicely, some topics may allow for an uncertain ending. This method can be an effective way to finish an essay on the abstract theme â€" leaving the reader the ability to make their own interpretation. Before writing the first draft, decide what ideas you would like to reveal and match them with the information you’ve collected. Rather show them how to do an online grammar sentence check for themselves. The system checks to see which words in your text are related to the 47 fields of study on FieldRelated.com. Each match is shown with a link to additional field-related readings, listenings, and glossaries to help you extend your field-related learning. There are IELTS and TOEFL rubrics that you can use to provide feedback on essay quality if you like. Check grammar, punctuation, spelling, paraphrasing, and vocabulary, or outline essays and write hypertext narratives. You always want to arrange essays in a way that clearly presents the main idea and provides vivid images. One option for adding imagery is through quotations from other literary works. Epithets, metaphors, hyperboles are at your service! If you write essays in your second language for high school or college, check your essay for embarrassing errors that a teacher would deduct points for. For more information about all of the advantages of using the Virtual Writing Tutor essay checker tools. If your paper is of low quality , we also have a refund option. Your writer finished a paper and you receive a notification via an email. You can then go to the Personal order page to find it there. In any case, the essay ends somewhere different from where it began. The reader has learned something, precisely because the author has. In sum, the student essay falls into the same genre as the essays we ourselves write. We suggest you review it and decide if there is anything about this paper you would like to change. If so, your writer will gladly make the alterations. If you want to write better essays, you will need to understand the criteria teachers use to score them.

How Grants and Scholarships Help Needy Students to Complete Higher Studies

How can grants and scholarships help needy students to complete higher studies?These days, educational costs are sky high and simultaneously the unemployment level are rising. As a result, very few students are able to fund their college costs. The parents are equally not able to fund their kids higher education as theyre going through lack of cash flow. Parents are gradually finding it impossible to make ends meet. However, student loans are an option for funding education costs. But, the lack of employment opportunities can make the student loan debt more stressful.However, grants and scholarships are helpful for a student to pursue education and not leave it midway. Remember, student loans are slightly different from the grants as they have to be repaid, unlike the grants. If youre unaware of the various grants that are available for the US students, then you must read this article to know about the various grants that you may qualify for.Federal grantsThe federal government is tr ying to help needy college students who cant finance their higher education. The Child Left Behind Act has much of the impetus behind it. Due to this money, there is a sharp increase in the number of people who are now being able to complete their diploma and graduation degrees. More students are getting educated with the help of the federal grants. The Pell grant and the National Science and Mathematics Access to Retail Talent Grant (SMART Grant) are some of the most common federal grants in the US.How do you receive federal grants? Well, the first step is to submit FAFSA. In the article linked below, we give you a quick breakdown on FAFSA:NEW FAFSA CHANGES: 5 QUICK TIPS TO MAXIMIZE FINANCIAL AIDState grantsThere are many state grant programs that are given by the various states in the US. These are based on the financial need, academic merit, and even the area. Michigans grant programs are tailored to meet the financial needs of cross-section students, including low-income, underg raduates, and even non-traditional adult students. The Office of Student Financial Assistance in Florida administers a wide range of educational grants for the disabled, Hispanics, disadvantaged and academically talented students.Minority grantsThe percentage of minorities who have graduated with a four-year degree has risen sharply. The survey revealed that an increasingly large number of African Americans are in college and completing their graduation than ever before. The Historically Black Colleges and University in the US are now offering programs to help students who need financial support to complete higher education.. Theyre administering scholarships and grants just like most other universities and grants.How to grab a scholarship onlineYou can get scholarships through online based on various criteria like that of merit, need or other student-specific factors. These tips will guide you to improve your chances to get an online scholarship.Want the exact steps on how to uncov er hidden scholarships with the least competition? Join our next free training on the 6 steps to quickly securing scholarships for college.1. Search, search and searchYou need to search on the Internet to get a scholarship that suits your specifications. You may need to send multiple applications every day to get a scholarship.2. Check the eligibility criteriaYou must check the eligibility criteria for the educational scholarship to know whether or not you qualify. Dont provide incorrect information while applying.3. Avoid mistakesBe careful while filling your application. Check carefully to ensure that you have not missed out anything. Use simple language while writing the application.4. Prepare yourselfMost of the scholarship programs arrange an examination for the candidates. You have to submit an essay or a write-up. So, you need to practice of writing and possess a good knowledge to grab the scholarship. Try to be updated so that you can write on the required topic.5. Be alert alwaysThere is a proverb that an early bird catches the worm. You must send your application within the time to grab the opportunity.6. Think positivelyDont lose hope if your application gets rejected or you dont qualify for any of the online scholarships. There is always time for many more, and over time, youll definitely be able to pursue your education with a scholarship opportunity.7. Search for free scholarshipsThere are several free online scholarships that you can start with. Try for those, since they usually require less information, thus making it easy for you to apply.One thing you want to be aware of, however, is How to Tell if a Scholarship is a SCAM or Not. Check out our article here so you dont get sucked in my scams!Final thoughtsHowever, getting grants or online scholarship is not an easy task. It requires effort. But, with determination and consistent effort, you can get the scholarship to complete your education. If youre unable to land up with any scholarships for your education, then you can get the help of financial aid counselors anytime.Patricia Sanders is a freelance writer. She loves to write on various topics, especially finance. Her writing helps people to get useful suggestions and financial insight to solve their problems.She is associated with Wiki.Debtcc.Comas a part-time freelance writer.Pin23RedditShare1 Comment

Advocation for Legalizing Recreational Marijuana - 1332 Words

Pro Legalizing Recreational Marijuana A controversial topic often being advocated for by sitting governors is whether the legalization of marijuana is more beneficial or harmful to the economy. Marijuana, also known as weed, is a mixture of the dried and shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the cannabis sativa plant. It’s the most widely used illegal drug in the United States, even though studies have shown results that the benefits of using marijuana for medicinal or recreational reasons far outweigh the negative matters that may be associated with its use. While marijuana is still a controlled substance under federal law, thirteen U.S. states currently have compassionate use laws in place, which allow for regulated medical marijuana use. By legalizing marijuana, the government is helping the economy by reaping medical and financial benefits, not only at the state level, but also at the federal level. Taking into account the numerous studies done with marijuana on whether it is for recreational use or medical purposes, the government cannot go wrong in legalizing marijuana because of such an impact it will have. Marijuana should be legalized for recreational purposes because it will help society economically and socially. Many misconceptions are associated with the illegal drug of marijuana including its composition and the possible harmful effects that come with it. Marijuana is also referred to as Cannabis, which is the botanical term. The product of marijuana

Dissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )

Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental illness that is greatly misunderstood, much like many other mental illnesses. Nicholas Spanos, Professor of Psychology, hypothesized Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense against childhood trauma that creates â€Å"dissociation† or a split mental state. The trauma sustained during childhood is so substantial, that the individual creates different identities to cope with it (Spanos, 1994). The disorder first showed up in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1978 in the DSM-III, but the name was changed to Dissociative Identity Disorder in the DSM-IV (Dunn, 1992). Our textbook for this course, Experience Psychology, defines Dissociative Identity Disorder as â€Å"a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships.† The text goes on to say that one identity presents itself at a time and is dominate for the time it is present, and then another identity presents itself and so on and so forth (King, 2013). Early Research and Beliefs Early psychologists and psychiatrists believed that Multiple Personality Disorder was a result of demon possession. The idea of multiple personalities was first conjugated in 1646, but the actual first account of MPD was said to be described in 1791 by Eberhardt Gmelin (â€Å"A History of Dissociative IdentityShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1194 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder is a disorder distinguished by the existence of two or more distinct personality states. It is also known as DID or Multiple Personality Disorder. It is very rare, with only 20,000 to 200,000 known US cases per year. Currently, there is no known cure, but treatment can sometimes help. Many believe that DID can be caused by a significant trauma and is used as a coping mechanism to help avoid bad memories. The disorders most often form in kids victim to long-term physicalRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder : Dissociative Identification Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder is a mental disorder where an individual experiences two or more distinct personalities. When an individual is diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder, one personality has dominant control of an individual. This personality controls how a person may act and how they live everyday life. A person diagnosed with this disease may or may not be aware of their alternate personalities. Each personality is contrasting of each other withRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Personality )1254 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder) is thought to be a complex mental condition that is likely brought on by numerous variables, including serious injury amid early adolescence generally compelling, repetitive physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment. The greater part of us have encountered mild dissociation, which resemble wandering off in fantasy land or losing all sense of d irection at the time while taking a shot at an undertaking. In anyRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2296 Words   |  9 Pagesdefines dissociative identity disorder (DID) as the occurrence of a minimum of two different personalities and maybe more than two. It also clarifies that the switching between the distinct personalities can be observed by the individual who is suffering from dissociative identity disorder or witnessed by others. (Barlow, 2014, P. 1). This disorder used to be known as multiple personality disorder, which is more recognized and understood to people without a psychology background. This disorder can beRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder970 Words   |  4 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a severe condition in which two or more dissimilar identities, or character states, are present and alternately take control of an individual. The person experiences memory loss that is vaguely extensive to be explained as common forgetfulness. These symptoms are not taken in consideration for by seizures, substance abuse or any other medical conditions. Description of DID: Symptoms: Read MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2780 Words   |  12 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Imagine waking up in a new house, town, city, even state and not knowing how you got there. Now add onto that thought of forgetting almost a year of your life because someone else, or something, has taken over your body. That is just a look into dissociative disorders in general. Dissociative Disorders are ‘extreme distortions in perception and memory† (Terwilliger 2013). Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), or previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder, isRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2158 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Dissociative Identity Disorder† Through out the years there has been many disorders that continue to be diagnosed on people, many can be difficult to deal with. Some of these disorders can be uncontrollable and can make it harder on the patients who are trying to get better. Disorders are not sicknesses that can be cured and gone with a couple of doses of medicine, disorders are serious problems a person has to deal with usually if not for a large amount of time, it can be every day for the restRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder And The Disorder919 Words   |  4 PagesDisorder and Topic The disorder I chose to research for my paper was Dissociative Identity Disorder. Dissociative Identity Disorder is formerly known as multiple personality disorder and is characterized as an individual presenting two or more alternate personalities. Those said personalities are said to essentially help an individual escape the stress and overwhelming struggles of everyday life (Traub, 2009). As for my topic I chose to explore was whether or not Dissociative Identity DisorderRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper is about Dissociative identity disorder (DID) as known as multiple personality disorder. DID in which a person could have many different parts to their personality due to severe stress and an experience of a trauma. A person with DID when the have control over their one identity they cannot remember what they did when their other identities were in control. Most of the time people with DID have two personalities but they could have more than two which is referred as alters. ThenRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1030 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Defining what is abnormal is not necessarily easy. There are many different criteria to determine what exactly is normal and what is abnormal. According to Ciccarelli and White (2012) as early as 3000 B.C.E. there have been human skulls found with holes in them. Archaeologists suspect this was caused because of the treatments they had years ago such as â€Å"trepanning†. Trepanning is done nowadays as well to remove extra fluids from the brain, as for years ago doctors did

Hospital Acquired Infection for Health Care- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHospital Acquired Infection for Health Care. Answer: Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) is the main safety concern for both the patients and health care professionals. However, the impact on the patient is more detrimental. It has been observed that 7 out of 100 admitted patients in both the developed and developing countries get affect with HAI during their tenure of hospital stay. Adequate implementation of the infection control practice (ICP) is the principal way out to fight back against such threats. One of the preliminary infection control practice that must be preached in every hospital is proper maintenance of hand hygiene as hand is the most common vehicle for the transmission of the microorganism. Patients at the ICU are mostly immune depressed and high susceptibility of developing microbial infection so isolation of such patients staying is must (Mehta et al., 2014). However, these are the age-old practices and with the increase of incidence of multi drug resistant bacteria, certain modifications are required to be undertaken in addition to the present prevailing techniques. These modifications include proper environment cleaning like antimicrobial stewardship, proper need for assessment of prescribing urinary catheters and promotion of vaccination programs, proper disposal of the medical garbage and sterilization of the medical equipments. (Source: Created by author) In spite of having several ICP, there lies a dearth behind the proper implementation of the same. This gap in implementation is due to the lack of awareness among the medical staffs, mostly the nurses. Nurses though aware of the maintenance of hand hygiene but fail to implement it optimally. So in order to curb the rate of nosocomial infection only frames ICP is not enough, proper education and awareness among the health care professionals are also mandatory. Such awareness program will preach the steps behind observance of ICP and at the same time will access and monitor the outcomes (World Health Organization, 2017). References Infection control standard precautions in health care. (2017). 1st ed. [ebook] Switzerland: World Health Organisation (WHO), pp.1-2. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/4EPR_AM2.pdf [Accessed 11 Oct. 2017]. Mehta, Y., Gupta, A., Todi, S., Myatra, S. N., Samaddar, D. P., Patil, V., ... Ramasubban, S. (2014). Guidelines for prevention of hospital acquired infections.Indian journal of critical care medicine: peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine,18(3), 149.

Subcultural Theories Essay Example

Subcultural Theories Paper Consistently in the news we hear of the rise of certain subcultures, the rise of the hoodie culture in teens for example. However, what exactly is a subculture, and are they really linked to crime and deviant behaviour as much as society believes? A subculture can be defined as a group of people who have their own culture, with their own norms and values, which differentiates from the larger culture to what they belong. Many sociologists have researched into the links between subcultures and crime and deviance, to try and establish whether those involved are more likely to commit criminal behaviour, as official statistics suggest. In the early 20th Century, a dramatic social change was taking place in Chicago, and in response to this emerged the University of Chicago, the first parent-school of subcultural sociology. These Chicago sociologists were determined to appreciate the wide variety of cultures and lifestyles prevalent in Chicago at the time, due to the wide influx of migrants from all over Europe and Southern USA. Through their experimental use of, what we now call, participant observation, they wished to observe and note down the sheer variety and dynamism of urban life. Thanks to this integral research, two important studies were released, Fredric Thrashers The Gang(1927) and Whytes Street Corner Society(1943). These two research pieces paved the way for future sociologists to investigate into deviant groups, as it was already established that these groups in society had clear norms and values of their own that justified their different behaviour. Late on in the 1930s, Robert Merton (1938), tried to find how deviance fitted in within a functionalist framework, however, Merton himself was not a functionalist. We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural Theories specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural Theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural Theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He decided that crime and deviance were the proof that the individual did not fit into societys accepted goals and did not agree with the socially approved means of obtaining those goals. He identified this as strain between the individual and society, and discovered that the greater the strain, the greater the chance of the individual being either deviant or criminal in their behaviour. Merton argued that all societies, whether in Britain or in the jungles of Africa, set their members certain goals and provided them with socially approved ways to achieve this goal. Merton considered the fact that not all the individuals in a society share the same goals; he pointed out that in a stratified society the goals were linked to a persons position in the social structure. Therefore, those lower down the social ladder, had restricted goals. He noted that the system worked well as long as the majority of the population had a reasonable chance of achieving their goals. However, if the majority of the population were unable to achieve their goals, they would become disenchanted with society, and sought out alternative, often deviant, ways of behaving. Merton used Durkheims term anomie to describe this situation. One example of Mertons theory in practice in todays society, is the notion of The American Dream. The American Dream, is a notion held by many that through hard work and material prosperity, residents of the United States will be able to achieve their goals in life; for some this is the ability to achieve more material prosperity than would be possible in their country of origin; the chance for their children to get an education; or the freedom of life without class, gender, racial or religious discriminations. However, for many, this dream is just that, an unachievable dream, and when they realise this, many turn to illegitimate means of money making to help them survive in the materialistic society that is America. Merton identified five different forms of behaviour which could be understood as a strain between goals and means. The first is conformity, in which the individual continues to adhere to both the goals and means, despite the limited likelihood of success, such as the many office workers in New York City, who are living on the poverty line. Another form identified by Merton is Innovation, where the individual accepts the goals of society, but uses different ways to achieve these goals, so the outcome may result in the person being involved in deviant activity, such as soft drug dealers, who long for the materialistic possessions, yet instead of working legitimately, they get their money through deviant behaviour. The third form is Ritualism, this is when the means are used by the individual, but sight of the actual goal is lost, for example a traffic warden, who is not bothered about earning lots of money, but blindly enforces the law without looking at the nature of justice. Ritualism, is the fourth form, in which the individual rejects both the goals and means and society, this is most likely to be a person who is dependant upon drugs and alcohol. The final form of strain can be labelled as Rebellion, where both the socially sanctioned goals and means are rejected and different ones substituted; these individuals are often religious extremists, such as Suicide Bombers. Although Mertons idea of strain has concrete examples in society, many sociologists have criticised his approach to subcultural crime and deviance as being too simple. They say that there are some people who border on the lines between categories. Also, some believe it is too ethnocentric. Valier (2001), criticised Merton for his stress on the existence of common goals in society. Valier argues that instead of such great social consensus, there are in fact a variety of goals that people strive to attain at any one time. Having been heavily influenced by Mertons work Cloward and Ohlin (1960) carried out their own research, entitled the Illegitimate Opportunity Structure. They argued that Merton had failed to appreciate that there was a parallel opportunity structure to the legal one; the Illegitimate Opportunity Structure. This, to them, meant that many subcultures prevalent in society, had found that a career was available, in which illegal means were used to obtain societys goals. According to Cloward and Ohlin, the Illegitimate Opportunity Structure had three possible adaptations or subcultures. The first of these was Criminal, which states that if there is a thriving local criminal subculture, there will be successful role models in that area, therefore young offenders can work their way up the ladder in the criminal hierarchy. Conflict was identified as the second subculture, and it was noted that this occurred when there was no local criminal subculture to provide career opportunities. Groups and individuals brought up in this environment often turn to violence, usually against other similar groups, for example gang turf wars, where gangs use violence to determine who owns which patch. The final adaption is known as Retreatist, and this tends to be an individual response which occurs when the individual has no exposure or opportunity to be involved with the other two subcultures of Criminal and Conflict. The result therefore, is a retreat into alcoholism or drug dependency. A good example of Cloward and Ohlins theories into these subcultures is Dick Hobbs book Bad Buisness (1998), in which Hobbs interviewed successful criminals and demonstrated how careers in crime are possible, given the right connection and exposure to this subculture. This explanation of criminal deviance is useful and, alongside Hobbs work, shows that for some people crime can be a career choice. But the approach is not completely correct, it shares similar weaknesses to Mertons Strain Theory. One criticism which is shared with Merton, is the categorisation of individuals; there are many people who may be sat on the border of two categories, and also, it is difficult to except the three categories, as there is no reference to people who break free from this subculture. Furthermore, many argue that both theories fail to recognise female deviance, as this often follows a slightly different pattern and is not as easy to define. Albert Cohen (1955) drew upon both Mertons ideas of strain and also on the ethnographic ideas (form of observational research) of the Chicago School of Sociology. He was particularly interested in why crime was carried out, and he discovered it was more for the thrill of the act, rather than for the money involved. Many modern day sociologists believe this is as true today as it was in the 1950s, for example, joyriding has increased, yet the cars are burnt, not sold on, so there is not an economic reasoning behind the crime, it must just be committed for the thrill. Cohen believed that lower-class boys wanted to excel middle-class values and aspirations, but lacked the means to obtain this success. This lead to a sense of personal failure and inadequacy, which Cohen called status frustration. This resulted in the rejection of the acceptable behaviour in which they could not succeed. He suggests that school therefore, is the key area for the playing out of this drama, as lower-class children are much more likely to fail and feel humiliated in the classroom. To counteract this and gain status, they invert traditional values and behave badly, engaging in a variety of antisocial behaviour. They may often resort to being the class-clown, who fools around and disrupts the lesson, as they feel this is the way to climb up the social ladder. However, many have criticised Cohen, least of all Feminist Sociologists. As with Cloward and Ohlin and Merton, there is no discussion of female deviancy, his study is solely based on males. Also, Cohen failed to prove that school really was the environment in which success and failure are demonstrated mainly. But the major criticism of his work is that he assumes the young delinquents must be brilliant sociologists to work out that they are lower-class, to work out the middle-class values and then invert them to gain status. Many believe Cohen is correct, he has just missed the fundamental point that these individuals are children. Another subcultural sociologist was writing in the 1950s, Walter Miller. He developed an approach to crime, which expanded on Cohens class based theory. Miller suggested the deviancy was linked to the culture of the lower-class males; suggesting that they have six focal concerns which are likely to lead them to delinquency. The first was smartness; that the individual must look good and also be witty with a sharp repartee. Also, the concern of trouble; the culture of I dont go looking for trouble it finds me, its never their fault, they didnt start it. Focal concern number three links to Cohen and his discovery that crime was committed for the thrill, yet Miller says that lower-class males feel it is important to search out these thrills and so calls this concern excitement. Toughness is the fourth concern, the individuals must not only demonstrate this, but they must be physically stronger than the others. The fifth concern is Autonomy, it is important for the individual not to be pushed around by the others in the gang. And the final focal concern outlined by Miller is Fate; individuals have little chance to overcome the fate that awaits them, the fate of a deviant career for example. Therefore, according to Miller, young lower-class males become delinquents due to the implicit values of their subculture. Yet, Miller provides little evidence of these specific middle class values. Box (1981) highlights that the values could equally apply to males right across the class structure. Also, female deviancy is not considered again! One consistent criticism of subcultural theories is that there is little evidence to demonstrate this distinct set of antisocial values. Even if there are subcultures, why would they respond to certain middle or working class values? Matza bonded these criticisms together to attack subcultural theory. He argued that instead of subcultures having different values, we all share a set of subterranean (hidden) values. The key thing is that most people control these deviant desires, they may rarely emerge, say at the office party, yet when they do we use techniques of neutralisation to provide justification for our deviant actions. Some examples include the denial of responsibility- it wasnt me, it was the alcohol; or denial of injury- victim wasnt hurt, often used when justifying stealing from a company rather than individual. Matza is therefore arguing that the difference between a persistent offender and a law-abiding citizen is simply the frequency and environment in which our subterranean values appear to the public. Matzas critique of subculture is deemed by many as devastating. He is saying that all of us share deviant subcultural values and that it is not true that there are distinctive groups with their own values, different from the rest of us. Carl Nightingale took yet another approach towards deviance, and his subcultural theory does not focus on crime, but that black youth are marginalised, often driving them towards deviance; the Paradox of Inclusion. For his book On The Edge(1993), Nightingale studied young Black youth in inner-city Philadelphia. He discovered that subculture derives from the desire to be part of mainstream US culture, that is to say that subcultures occur due to the rejection and marginalising of youth by society. In America, Black children avidly consume US culture by watching television with its emphasis on consumerism and the success of violence, yet at the same time they are excluded economically, racially and politically from participating in the mainstream society they idolise. This is seen in England through the Chav culture. Those individuals dress how they see on television in music videos, so they can fit in, yet by doing so, they ironically become individuals which society fears, and therefore marginalises. These individuals begin to identify themselves through acquiring clothing with high-status labels, such as Nike or Adidas. Once again, drawing upon Mertons ideas, the subculture reflects the belief that it is not so much how these high status goods are obtained rather the fact of possessing them, which is often through crime and violence. This links with Phillip Bourgois study of El Barrio. He looks at the lives of drug dealers and criminals in the deprived areas of New York. He wanted to study the underground econmy, everything ranging from babysitting to hard drug dealing, in this marginalised society. He realised they were marginalised for many reasons, particularly racial and due to their high poverty lifestyles, society excluded them. He discovered that the severe abuse of drugs and alcohol prevalent in El Barrio, was due to the marginalisation and alienation from mainstream American Society, which many residents encountered daily. The change of drugs and scale which Bougois monitored was widespread and dramatic, with everyone in the society involved. However, although they did not share the same means as mainstream America, they shared the same goals, as in to achieve the American Dream. Bourgois noted that the legitimate economy mirrors the illegitimate economy, there is a hierarchal system in place, which all obey, just like legitimately. He decided that the pressure of the American Dream is what caused many to deviate into criminal activity, as this way they could obtain the needed money to pursue their dream. His main finding was that crime makes economic sense, why would these people surviving on the bread line want to work in an office, earning the minimum wage, when they can earn ten times as much on their own doorstep? And this attitude is shared all over the world by many living in poverty. Since 1998, there has been the introduction of ASBOs; Anti-Social Behaviour Orders, but there has been much dispute as to whether these actually prevent deviant behaviour. Many believe that by labelling delinquent youths as Anti-Social, they accept this label and it turns into a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the youngster feels they must live up to this reputation. Others believe that ASBOs are seen as labels to be had and are worthy of respect. Many of the approaches outlined above seek to explain deviant behaviour through rational reasoning as to why subcultures have developed. Some recent postmodern approaches reject this explanation for behaviour. Katz (1988), argues young men get drawn into crime, because it is seductive and thrilling, echoing Cohen. This is not dissimilar to Lyng (1990). He said that young males like taking risks and engaging in what he refers to as edgework; going to the extremities of acceptable behaviour and flirting with danger. Using the example of neo-tribes, Maffesoli (1996) introduced a postmodernist innovation in understanding subculture. He was unhappy with the idea that the idea of subculture had been transformed from a concept based on values, more into a concept of consensus. He believed subcultures should be though of in terms of fluidity, occasional gatherings and dispersal. Neo-tribes then referred to states of mind, that were flexible, open and changing. Deviant values are less important than a stress on consumption, suitably fashionable behaviour and individual identity that can change rapidly. As previously noted, subcultural theories are very masculine orientated. However, as Collison (1996) points out, sociologist may well have missed the significance of studying male behaviour in such detail. He said that in order to explain male offending behaviour, it is important to explain the nature of being male in our society and the links masculinity itself has to crime. Collinsons work on masculinity links closely to that of Connell (1995), who sees the existence of a hegemonic masculinity, in which males both conspire with and aspire to, and believes this drives them to deviance. This emphasis on hegemonic masculinity is very similar to Millers earlier works on lower-class values. However, Winlow argues these values are most obvious when the economic social structure is changing. He suggests that the traditional working class values fitted alongside physical work, which is now in decline, so they are restless and desperate to prove their masculinity. These values have dispersed due to the rise of office work. He further suggests that these problems greatly affect young males who are out of employment. So, to conclude, there are many different approaches to explaining subculture and its place in society, all of which are as valid today as they were when the original research was carried out, from studying the British Street Corner Groups in the early 1900s, to the participant observation of crack dealers in New York City, all of these theories are still relevant to the gang culture of today. However, looking at the theories, the one society can relate to most is Metza and Subterranean Values. This is very obviously prevalent in society today, from photocopying body parts at the office party and blaming it on the alcohol, to the men who get cleared of rape, claiming the victim isnt a victim as she was wearing clothes which led the man on. Whether subcultures do or do not share common social values will be disputed for many years, yet Mazas techniques of neutralization will be evident in society always, therefore, I believe I identify most with this theory, as it seeks to explain natural patterns of behaviour, not seek to infiltrate gang culture and lifestyles. Having said this, I am particularly interested in Bourgoiss El Barrio research as I agree with him and the dealers, crime makes economic sense, why work a nine-to-five for minimum wage, when you can earn enough money on your doorstep? Perhaps, if I had access to a criminal subculture, I would become involved as Cloward and Ohlin said, yet unfortunately my future is even bleaker according to them, a retreatist lifestyle involving drugs or alcohol, good job I believe Merton and feel I am a conformist, adhering to both the socially accepted goals and means. Subcultural theories Essay Example Subcultural theories Essay Subcultural theories examine the behaviour and actions of various groups within society groups with either reject or depart from the traditional norms and views of the majority. These groups are referred to as subcultures, and subcultural theories attempt to explain why these groups most are concerned with youth gangs and gang delinquency engage in deviant acts. Subcultural theories originated in America and in particular the Univeristy of Chicago Sociology Department. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay at the University studied juvenile crime rates in Chicago and they divided the city up into a series of concentric rings. They then calculated the delinquency rates of in each ring finding that areas with the highest crime rates were those in the centre of the city, with the rates diminishing outwards from the centre. They noted that delinquency was lower in areas of high economic status while it was seen to be high in areas of low economic status. Their studies also found that these findings remained constant over time, notwithstanding successive changes in the nativity and nationality composition of the population1. They therefore came to the conclusion that delinquency-producing factors are inherent in the community2 and are culturally transmitted. They said that what is transmitted is social disorganisation This term referred to an inconsistency of values, attitudes and standards of behaviour. In areas of high economic status, ie. the middle class, there is consistency and uniformity of attitudes and morals, whereas in low economic status areas there is an absence of common values with competing attitudes and standards prevalent instead. Shaw and Mckay state that in the latter situation delinquency has developed as a powerful competing way of life3. There are, therefore, rival values, conventional and non-conventional, and gang and juvenile delinquency is a symptom of this conflict. Another theory to emerge from Chicago is Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey s differential association theory. Although not strictly a subcultural theory in the strict definition of the term this theory is so closely related so as to be worthy of consideration. Differential association says that criminal and deviant behaviour is learnt behaviour in the same sense as other behaviour is learnt. We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural theories specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It tells us that a person is likely to become a criminal if they are exposed to an excess of definitions favourable to violation of the law over definitions unfavourable to violation of the law4. The effect which these associations have may vary in frequency, duration, priority and intensity. In this process of differential association, Sutherland and Cressey stress that the strongest part of the learning occurs within intimate personal groups and we can see that they are stressing the importance of the peer group, family and friends in the learning process. They also make the point that all the associations which one has in life could be quantified and a mathematical formula reached which would enable us to find out how a person will turn out. Sutherland and Cressey acknowledge however that such a weighing up of associations would be extremely difficult5. Albert Cohens main interest lay in explaining juvenile delinquency, and his major work Delinquent Boys, published in 1955, claimed that a delinquent subculture exists which could explain crime amongst juveniles. He said that when we look at the delinquent subculture we see that it is non-utilitarian, malicious and negativistic6. This, he explains, is because the subculture takes its norms from the wider culture and turns them upside down. Therefore, what the delinquent does is right according to the standards of the subculture because it is wrong according to the standards of wider society. But why do juveniles form or join these subcultures in the first place? Cohen argued that certain sections of youth feel rejected by society and the reason for this is to be found in the great tension and strain in handling the paradoxical many-are-called-but-few-are-chosen nature of schooling7. Those who cannot handle the strain suffer status deprivation and some will seek the collective delinquent subculture as the solution. Mertons8 anomie (strain) theory aims to integrate explanations of a variety of behaviours into a coherent pattern, by seeing them as related ways of coping with the problems by living in modern societies. This theory asserts that where there is a gap between what people want and what they can legitimately achieve, they experience strain. They can adapt to this strain in any of five ways. Conformists do not experience such a gap and are thus not under strain. Innovators adapt to the strain by finding alternative, usually illegitimate, methods of obtaining the goods they want. Ritualists turn adherence of social norms into a goal itself and often join movements that place moral rules above more individual goals, e. g. religious groups. Retreatists see neither the goals nor the means as valid and minimise their participation in normal society. Drug users, dropouts, hippies and priests would all be examples. Rebels are those who declare the social structure illegitimate, and seek to destroy it. A theory of much the same model9 as Cohens is put forward by Cloward and Ohlin. They accepted a similar model of delinquency causation as him but believed that he placed too much emphasis on the school. Cloward and Ohlin draw their theory in part from both Mertons anomie theory and from differential association. They say that crime occurs because of blocked and limited legitimate opportunities and that what type of criminal behaviour results depends on the individuals peer group or gang. They concluded that three types of subculture can result: criminal, conflict or retreatist. Again the importance of the group is emphasised as Cloward and Ohlin use differential association to argue that criminal behaviour is learnt from group relationships. When Lemet (1951) and Becker (1963) first promoted labelling theory, they both argued that no acts are intrinsically deviant; deviance is a moral judgement which is used to label particular acts and those who commit them. Thus social groups can create deviance by making rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders10. The principal strength of these various theories appears to be their superior explanation of juvenile delinquency and crime, such as vandalism, joy-riding and pointless theft, which mainly occurs within juvenile gangs or subcultures. Much of the other criminological explanations of crime largely ignore this group reaction and concentrate solely on the individual. Mertons anomie theory is especially guilty of this and indeed Cohen criticised it for being inapplicable to both juvenile and group crime11. Similarly the biological positivists such as Eysenck look at the cause of crime as purely an individual matter without much concern for group crime. Shaw and McKays theory placed a great emphasis on juvenile crime and delinquency being a group activity delinquency is essentially group behaviour12 and they attempt to explain why people become delinquent and join gangs. They say that in areas of low economic status delinquency is a powerful rival way of life which derives its impelling force in the boys life from the fact that it provides a means of securing economic gain, prestige, and other human satisfactions and is embodied in delinquent groups and criminal organizations, many of which have great influence, power and prestige13. Children are exposed to these values as they are transmitted and passed down from generation to generation as are the techniques for committing offences. In discussing this, Shaw and Mckay give examples of the types of offences whose techniques are passed down, such as jack-rolling and shoplifting crimes which lack a purpose. They strongly emphasise the role of the peer group and they say that in the context of this group crime is regarded as normal, as from the viewpoint of the delinquents immediate social world (the subculture) and the norms associated with that world, he is not necessarily disorganised, maladjusted or antisocial but may be highly organized and well-adjusted14. Cohens explanation of juveniles turning to crime centred upon their frustration at being unable to achieve middle class success and, more specifically, success at school. He says that in the resulting delinquent subculture, delinquents respond as a group and that this response has been worked out by their group over many years. This response is to invert the norms of wider society with the result that the subcultures activities are, as mentioned earlier, non-utilitarian, malicious and negativistic. Indeed, these descriptions of the groups activities explain crimes such as shoplifting (which is non-utilitarian) and vandalism (which is malicious) rather well. Cohen himself says that much gang stealing has no motivation and is in fact stealing for the hell of it and is a valued activity to which attaches glory, prowess and profound satisfaction15 rather than as an activity for gain and profit. Crime is committed because delinquent groups are out for fun and short-term hedonism plays an important part in Cohens account of juvenile group crime. Again, like Shaw and McKay, Cohens theory emphasises the point that from the perspective of the gang themselves, their conduct could be regarded as meaningful. Although subcultural theories give a good explanation of juvenile delinquency and juvenile group crime, the fundamental weakness of these theories stems from precisely this: an overemphasis on the importance of a gang response to crimes. It places far too much emphasis on a group response rather than on individual responses. Notwithstanding the fact that most juvenile crime such as joy-riding is conducted by gangs, these theories fail to explain why crimes such as rape and murder, which are very individualistic, occur. Most of the subcultural theorists, including Shaw and McKay, Cloward and Ohlin, and especially Sutherland and Cressey, stress the significance of the peer group and the associations which one has in life. Sutherland and Cressey say that the values which encourage people to commit crime are learnt along with the techniques to commit crime. But how can this theory explain the crime of passion in which the husband murders his wife when finding her in bed with another man? He may have had no criminal associations in the past, but merely snaps. Compulsive crimes such as this are better explained by biological impulses rather by differential association or subcultural theories. It was mentioned earlier that Sutherland and Cressey stated that all the associations which one has in life can be quantified in order to find out whether a person will become deviant or not. However, as with the example above, this does not account for the honest, hard working businessman who, when his business starts doing badly is forced to commit fraud and other crimes to try and save it. It could certainly be said that he has learnt the techniques through differential association, but where and how does he learn the deviant values and motives? Stemming from this overemphasis on gang/group crime is the very closely related flaw that these theories are overly deterministic. Everyone is seen as being very heavily influenced by their peer group and little consideration is given to individual choice or free will. If, taking Shaw and McKays example, you fall within the centre circle of Chicago you are seen by them as having very little choice as to whether or not you end up in a delinquent gang. The theory of David Matza addresses in part this weakness of subcultural theories. He pointed out that these theories predicted far too much crime and delinquency16. His main theme concerned drift as he considered that delinquents drift in and out of delinquency without committing to either. He also emphasised freedom of choice and free will as important, and by doing so he answers many of the criticisms of the overly deterministic theories of Cohen, Shaw and McKay et al. The role of the subculture or gang is still important as they make such activity more likely by actively promoting it but this does not make deviant behaviour mandatory. The individual still has freedom to choose whether to commit a crime or not and to do so for personal reasons rather that as a group requirement17. The major criticisms of anomie theory are that while it outlines different possibilities for adaption, it does not explain why individuals adopt one or other forms of adaption- retreatism, ritualism etc. It also says nothing about the causes of social inequality and conflict, which is strange given the theorys recognition that inequality and conflict exists is precisely the point at which it has an advantage over functionalism. Labelling theory does not provide an account for why some social groups have the power to label and others do not, nor of why certain acts are declared illegal and others are not. In Beckers view, the theory does not, and need not, explain why some groups or individuals have the power to label, he was only concerned to show that labelling occurs and the consequences of it. There is no consensus about how far how-far a group has to go in having specialised values and norms, or stable membership, or regular activities, to qualify as a sub-culture; nor about the precise meaning of descriptions such as deviant subculture. It is also interesting to note that some studies of subcultures refer back to anomie theory and its concept of adaptation; they thus have the same weaknesses as anomie theory. It can be said that from the principal strength of subcultural theories stems its main weakness. The main theories examined provide us with a through examination of crimes largely ignored by anomie and biological theories namely juvenile crime. In their consideration of the consideration of the main causes of juvenile crime, the role and influence of the gang or group response render the application of these theories to explaining individual crimes, such as murder, irrelevant. Related to this is the fact that these theories also suffer from the flaw of being excessively deterministic. Nevertheless, as an account of why subcultures exist and why juveniles within these subcultures engage in deviant acts, the theories examined succeed this objective. Regardless of whichever theory one tends to adopt for a particular given, each has its own strengths and subsequent weaknesses. In this regard, and despite these problems, the concept of sub-culture amongst young men and women remains seductive. Subcultural theories Essay Example Subcultural theories Paper Subcultural theories of youth civilization owe much to the pioneering work of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies ( CCCS ) during the 1970s and early 1980s. The CCCS make usage of the term subculture from US sociologists at Chicago University, and applied it to visually typical post-World War II British working category young person civilizations, such as teddy male childs, mods, and bootboyss. Sociologists today employ three primary theoretical positions: the functionalist position, the Marxist position and the post-modernist position. These positions offer sociologists theoretical paradigms for explicating how society influences people, and frailty versa. Each position unambiguously conceptualises society, societal forces, and human behavior. Functionalism Functionalism is the oldest, and still the dominant, theoretical position in sociology and many other societal scientific disciplines. Harmonizing to the functionalist position each facet of society is mutualist and contributes to society s operation as a whole. Functionalists see society as holding a construction, with cardinal establishments executing critical maps, and roles directing people in how to act. They identify the maps of each portion of the construction. For illustration, the province, or the authorities, provides instruction for the kids of the household, which in bend wages revenue enhancements on which the province depends to maintain itself running. This means that the household is dependent upon the school to assist kids turn up to hold good occupations so that they can raise and back up their ain households. In the procedure, the kids become observant, taxpaying citizens, who in bend support the province. If the procedure succeeds the parts of society green goods order, stableness and productiveness. On the other manus, if the procedure does non travel good, the parts of society so must accommodate to recapture a new order, stableness, and productiveness. For illustration, as we are soon sing, during a fiscal recession with its high rates of unemployment and rising prices, net income and salary decrease, societal plans are trimmed or cut. Families tighten their budgets while employers offer fewer concern plans, and a new societal order, stableness and productiveness occur. Functionalists believe that society is held together by societal consensus, or coherence, in which society members agree upon, and work together to accomplish, what is best for society as a whole. Emile Durkheim suggested that societal consensus takes one of two signifiers: Mechanical Solidarity: This is a signifier of societal coherence that arises when people in a society maintain similar values and beliefs and prosecute in similar types of work. Mechanical solidarity most commonly occurs in traditional, simple societies such as those in which everyone herds cowss or farms. Amish society exemplifies mechanical solidarity. Organic Solidarity: This is a signifier of societal coherence that arises when people in a society are mutualist, but hold to changing values and beliefs and engage in changing types of work. Organic solidarity most commonly occurs in industrialized, complex societies such as those in big American metropoliss like New York in the 2000s. We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural theories specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultural theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Leading functionalists include Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons. Robert Merton ( 1910 ) , who was a functionalist as good, developed his theory of aberrance which is derived from Durkheim s thought of anomy. It is cardinal in explicating how internal alterations can happen in a system. For Merton, anomy means a discontinuity between cultural ends and that accepted methods available for making them. Merton ( 1968 ) has proposed a figure of of import differentiations to avoid possible failings and clear up ambiguities in the basic functionalist position. First, he distinguishes between manifest and latent maps. Manifest maps are recognised, knowing and obvious, while latent maps are unrecognized, unwilled, and therefore non obvious. Merton used the illustration of the Hopi rain dance to demo that sometimes an person s apprehension of their motivation for an action may non to the full explicate why that action continues to be performed. Sometimes actions fulfil a map of which the hist rion is incognizant, and this is the latent map of an action. Second, he distinguishes between effects which are positively functional for a society, those which are dysfunctional for the society, and those which neither. Third, he besides distinguishes between degrees of society, that is, the specific societal units for which regularised forms of behavior are functional or dysfunctional. Finally, he maintains that the peculiar societal constructions which satisfy functional demands of society are non indispensable, but that structural options may be which can besides fulfill the same functional demands. Merton expanded on the thought that anomy is the disaffection of the ego from society due to conflicting norms and involvements by depicting five different types of actions that occur when personal ends and legitimate agencies come into struggle with each other. Conformity is the typical successful hardworking individual who both accepts the ends of the society and has the agencies for obtaining those ends. This is an illustration of non-anomie. Invention refers to the chase of culturally approved ends by disapproved, including illegal agencies, in other words, they must utilize invention in order to accomplish cultural ends. ( Example: Drug trader who sells drugs to back up a household. ) Ritualism refers to overly stiff conformance to approved ends and agencies, even to the disregard of the existent consequences ; inefficient administrative officials who adhere stiffly to the regulations are the authoritative illustration of ritualism. The individual who ignores and rejects the agencies and the ends of the society is said to be withdrawing from society. ( For illustration a drug nut who has stopped caring about the societal ends and chooses a drug induced world in favor of the socially recognized life style. ) Finally, there is a 5th type of version which is that of rebellion which refers to the rejection of sanctioned ends and agencies in favour of new 1s. Functionalism has received unfavorable judgment as it has a conservative prejudice. Critics claim that the position justifies the position quo and complacence on the portion of society s members. Functionalism does non promote people to take an active function in altering their societal environment, even when such alteration may profit them. Alternatively, functionalism sees active societal alteration as unwanted because the assorted parts of society will counterbalance of course for any jobs that may originate. Marxist NEW-SUBCULTURAL THEORY Marx argues that societies result from worlds acquiring together to bring forth nutrient. The forces of production form societal relationships. In Marxist theory, category is the most of import societal group in the capitalist society and the city manager societal constellations are category civilizations. The categories are organised depending on the manner of production that determine a concrete set of dealingss of production: the capitalists ( middle class ) and the workers ( labor ) . These categories are all the clip in struggle and dialogue because one of them is dominant and the other is low-level. This struggle position originated chiefly out of Karl Marx s Hagiographas on category battles and it presents society in a different visible radiation than do the functionalist position. While the latter position focal point on the positive facets of society that contribute to its stableness, the struggle position focuses on the negative, conflicted, and ever-changing nature of society. Unlike functionalists who defend the position quo, avoid societal alteration, and believe people cooperate to consequence societal order, struggle theoreticians challenge the position quo, promote societal alteration ( even when this means societal revolution ) , and believe rich and powerful people force societal order on the hapless and the weak. As we can see, most societies are based upon development of some groups by others. Those who own the agency of production, such as mills, land, natural stuff or capital, exploit those who work for them, who lack the agencies to bring forth things themselves . Therefore, capitalists accumulate net incomes and acquire richer and richer. Eventually workers will come to gain that they are being exoploited and will subvert capitalist economy and make a communist society. In communism the agencies of production will be communally owened, so there will be no governing category, no development and much less inequality than in capitalist economy. Today, struggle theoreticians find societal struggle between any groups in which potency for inequality exists, such as, racial, gender, spiritual, political, economic and so on. These theoreticians note that unequal groups normally have conflicting values and dockets, doing them to vie against one another. This changeless competition between groups forms the footing for the ever-changing nature of society. Critics of the struggle position point to its highly negative position of society. The theory s ultimately cardinal jobs are: it has trouble explicating the more orderly and stable elements of societal life, it neglects or downplays the cultural and symbolic facets of societal life because it emphasises on economic sciences and category, struggle theoreticians tend to presume the power differences lead to conflict but differences do non needfully arouse struggle. POST MODERNISM Post modernist positions have developed since the 1980s. Some versions see of import alterations taking topographic point in society, while other versions question the ability of conventional sociology to bring forth worthwhile theories of society. Some postmodernists argue that societal behavior is no longer shaped by factors such as category, gender, ethnicity and different types of socialization. It is now merely a inquiry of lifestyle pick. Finally, Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism, perspectives developed on the Gallic rational scene, have had considerable influence on American sociologists in recent old ages ( every bit good as on bookmans in many other Fieldss, particularly literary surveies ) . Derived from ( but mostly rejecting ) both the Marxist tradition and the plants of anthropologist Claude L A ; eacute ; vi-Strauss who developed a structuralist theory of civilization these theoretical schools seek to account for the evident decomposition of modern civilization over the past several decennaries. Among the tradition s major figures, such as Jacques Derrida and Jean Baudrillard, possibly the best known is Michel Foucault, a historian and philosopher. Tracing the historical alterations in social attitudes toward penalty, mental unwellness, and gender, among other subjects, he argued that cognition and power have become inextricably entwined. Foucault stressed the disciplinary nature of power, and argued that ( societal ) scientific discourse as one such subject may itself necessitate to be questioned. Sociologists in this tradition seek non merely to analyze the universe otherwise, but to do the production of sociological cognition, and therefore our ain situatedness within constructions of cognition and power, portion of the survey. American sociologists influenced by this tradition sometimes name their work Discourse Analysis or Cultural Studies.